ABSTRACT
RESUMO A psoríase é uma doença inflamatória e crônica de pele, de natureza benigna, sistêmica, imunomediada e não contagiosa. Pretendeu-se compreender as expressões simbólicas da psoríase e suas repercussões no processo de individuação de pacientes adultos por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritivo-interpretativa. Utilizada entrevista aberta, técnica de análise de conteúdo temática e referencial teórico da Psicologia Analítica. Amostra de dezesseis participantes com psoríase em tratamento ambulatorial. Delineadas as categorias: psoríase como símbolo: surgimento, crises e remissão; rotina de tratamento: da fronteira da pele ao mundo interior; e, si-mesmo: vereda de aproximações e afastamentos. O desenvolvimento do adulto com psoríase foi compreendido pelas vivências simbólicas que apontaram para alterações na saúde integral. No entanto, reconheceu-se que as relações entre psique e corpo, apesar de conflituosas, proporcionaram aprendizados e favoreceram o processo de individuação.
ABSTRACT Psoriasis is an inflammatory and chronic skin disease, of a benign, systemic, immune-mediated and non-contagious nature. It was intended to understand the symbolic expressions of psoriasis and its repercussions on the process of individuation of adult patients through qualitative descriptive-interpretative research. Open interview, thematic content analysis technique and theoretical framework of Analytical Psychology were used. Sample of sixteen participants with psoriasis in outpatient treatment. The categories outlined: psoriasis as a symbol: onset, crises and remission; treatment routine: from the skin frontier to the inner world; and, himself: a path of approaches and distances. The development of the adult with psoriasis was understood by the symbolic experiences that pointed to changes in integral health. However, it was recognized that the relations between psyche and body, although conflicting, provided learning and favored the individuation process.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kangaroo Position (KP) in microcirculation (MC) of the flexor muscles of preterm newborns. Method: A controlled clinical trial was conducted in the city of Recife, Brazil, with 26 preterm children randomized in the Kangaroo Group (13) and in the Control Group (13). Assessments of blood flow, temperature, and tissue oxygen saturation (SO2) were made at two different times and in the biceps brachii muscle and hamstrings muscle group: before the KP and after 24 h of KP. In the Control Group, the registrations were performed at the times corresponding to those of the Kangaroo Group. The mean values among the times were analyzed by paired t-test for repeated measures. The clinical trial was recorded in Clinical Trials (NCT03611088). Results: In the Kangaroo Group there was an increase in tissue temperature and blood flow at the time evaluation periods (p < 0.05). In the control group, there was no statistical difference between the recording moments hamstring muscles group, but in the biceps brachii, there was a reduction in mean blood flow (p = 0.023). Conclusion: In conclusion, the KP has effects on the microcirculation of the flexor muscles of preterm newborns.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To verify the short-term influence of the kangaroo position (KP) on the electromyography activity of preterm newborns. Method: A clinical study was conducted in a kangaroo unit sector (secondary and tertiary care) in the city of Recife, Brazil, with 44 preterm infants randomized to intervention (n = 21) and control (n = 23) groups. The KP was performed through a band that supports the newborn against the adult's thorax, in a prone and vertical position, and infants were dressed with few pieces of clothes, thus keeping skin-to-skin contact with the mother. Surface electromyography was used to investigate the muscle activity of the biceps brachii and hamstrings. The randomization of the groups was performed by the program R® (v. 3.3.1). The electromyography registrations were made at three different times: before the KP and after one and two hours of KP. In the control group, the registrations were performed at the times corresponding to those of the intervention group. The mean values of the electromyography activity among the times were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The clinical trial was recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02849665 - 07/28/2016). Results: In the intervention group (n = 21), there was a variation of the electromyography activity values between the three recording moments for both the biceps brachii and hamstrings. In the control group (n = 23), there was no statistical difference between the recording moments for both. Conclusions: The KP increases the short-term electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii and hamstrings.
Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a influência de curto prazo da Posição Canguru (PC) sobre a atividade eletromiográfica de recém-nascidos prematuros. Método: Foi feito um estudo clínico em um setor da Unidade do Método Mãe Canguru (cuidado secundário e terciário) na cidade de Recife, com 44 neonatos prematuros randomizados em grupos de Intervenção (n = 21) e Controle (n = 23). A Posição Canguru foi feita por meio de uma faixa que apoia o recém-nascido de bruços contra o tórax do adulto, na posição vertical e vestido com poucas peças de roupa, mantém o contato pele a pele com a mãe. Foi usada a Eletromiografia Superficial para investigar a atividade muscular dos bíceps braquiais e músculos isquitobiais. A randomização dos grupos foi feita com o software R (versão 3.3.1)®. Os registros da eletromiografia foram feitos em três momentos: antes da PC e após uma e duas horas da Posição Canguru. No Grupo de Controle, os registros foram feitos nos momentos correspondentes àqueles do Grupo do Método Mãe Canguru. Os valores médios da atividade eletromiográfica entre esses momentos foram analisados pela análise de variância (Anova) de medidas repetidas e por um teste de Kruskal-Wallis. O ensaio clínico foi registrado no Clinical Trials (NCT02849665 - 28/07/2016). Resultados: No Grupo do Método Mãe Canguru (n = 21), houve variação dos valores da atividade eletromiográfica entre os três momentos de registro de atividade dos bíceps braquiais e dos músculos isquitobiais. No Grupo de Controle (n = 23), não houve diferença estatística entre os momentos de registro. Conclusões: A PC aumenta a atividade eletromiográfica de curto prazo dos músculos bíceps braquiais e isquitobiais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Adult , Infant, Premature , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Kangaroo-Mother Care Method , Brazil , Electromyography , MothersABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: The electric activity of muscles can be assessed using electromyography to determine their function and help identify possible delays in motor development. Objective: Determine the amplitude of the electromyographic activity of the head and trunk flexor and extensor muscles of term and preterm newborns. Method: This is a longitudinal pilot study where 20 preterm and 20 term newborns admitted to the Prof. Fernando Figueira Institute of Comprehensive Medicine were assessed. All the newborns were evaluated between 24 and 72 hours after delivery, with the premature children assessed a second time when term equivalent age was reached at 40 weeks. Data were recorded using a surface electromyograph and the electrodes were attached to the muscle bellies of the sternocleidomastoid, upper portion of the trapezius, rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles. Results: Comparison of the electromyographic activity between the preterm newborns showed significantly higher values in all the muscles when the group reached term equivalent age. Additionally, the electromyographic activity of the term group was greater than that obtained by the preterm newborns. Conclusion: With advancing age and maturation of the physiological systems, including the muscle system, preterm newborns tend to exhibit a similar muscle activation behavior to that of the term infants, resulting in better motor development.
Resumo Introdução: Atividade elétrica dos músculos pode ser avaliada através da eletromiografia que permite verificar com detalhes a função dos músculos e com isso auxiliar na identificação de possíveis atrasos do desenvolvimento motor. Objetivo: Determinar a amplitude da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos flexores e extensores da cabeça e do tronco de recém-nascidos a termo e pré-termo. Método: Estudo piloto, longitudinal, onde foram avaliados 20 recém-nascidos pré-termo e 20 recém-nascidos a termo admitidos no Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira. Todos os recém-nascidos foram avaliados entre 24 e 72 horas após o nascimento, sendo as crianças prematuras avaliadas uma segunda vez quando atingiram a idade equivalente ao termo, com 40 semanas. O registro foi feito através de um eletromiográfo de superfície e os eletrodos colados nos ventres musculares do esternocleidomastoideo, porção superior do músculo trapézio, no reto abdominal e eretores da espinha. Resultados: A comparação da atividade eletromiográfica do grupo recém-nascidos pré-termo mostrou valores significativamente maiores em todos os músculos quando o grupo atingiu a idade equivalente ao termo. Também foi observado que a atividade eletromiográfica do grupo recém-nascidos a termo foi maior que a encontrada no grupo recém-nascidos pré-termo. Conclusão: Os recém-nascidos pré-termo com o avançar da idade e consequentemente maturação dos sistemas fisiológicos, dentre eles o muscular, tendem a ter um comportamento da ativação muscular similar a dos recém-nascidos a termo, assim permitindo um melhor desenvolvimento motor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Arbovirus Infections/complications , Arbovirus Infections/prevention & control , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Brazil , Chikungunya virus , Mortality , Gestational Age , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Dengue Virus , Professional Training , Zika Virus , Latin America , MicrocephalyABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The number of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders has increased, reaching more than 50% of the cases. However, there are currently no substantial data on the screening methods for this disease. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the Mini-Mental State Examination to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. METHODS: This was an observational study comprising 82 human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals with and without cognitive complaints. RESULTS: Positive correlation (p<0.001) between the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test scores was observed, but the mean scores revealed that the Mini-Mental State Examination showed worse performance for trails (p<0.001), cube copying (p<0.001), and clock drawing (p<0.001) than the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tests should be used concomitantly for the assessment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders, but visuoexecutive and visuospatial dysfunctions are better evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test than the Mini-Mental State Examination.